Brazilian Journal of Enviromnent
Open Access Journal
CiteScore
0.5
Indexada na
SCOPUS
QUALIS
B2
2021-2024
quadriênio
Open Access Journal
0.5
Indexada na
SCOPUS
B2
2021-2024
quadriênio
A B S T R A C T
Water quality is a critical aspect for public health and environmental conservation, especially in rural areas where springs and artesian wells are sources of supply. This study assessed water quality at five sampling sites in the municipality of Quatiguá, Paraná, Brazil (three piped springs and two artesian wells), during four seasonal campaigns in 2024 (autumn, winter, spring, and summer), based on physicochemical and microbiological parameters, as well as the application of Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Temperature, pH, turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, and Escherichia coli were analyzed. Seasonal influence on temperature and relevant variations in pH, turbidity, and BOD were observed, with emphasis on site P5, which presented the highest turbidity and microbiological contamination across different campaigns. Correlation analysis indicated a positive association between TDS and pH (r = 0.761), as well as positive correlations between turbidity and total coliforms (r = 0.552) and between turbidity and E. coli (r = 0.626), suggesting coexistence of suspended material and microbiological contamination. The results indicate greater vulnerability of springs exposed to agricultural land uses and highlight the usefulness of Pearson’s correlation as a complementary tool for integrated interpretation of water quality and prioritization of areas for monitoring and intervention.
Keywords: raw water, microbiological contamination, limnological parameters, anthropogenic action.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anna Carolina Leonelli Pires de Campos, Gabriel da Silva Olivetti, Emanuely Cristina de Araújo Batista, Eliezer de Oliveira da Conceição, Tatiane Mantovano