Revisão de metodologias do monitoramento microbiológico da qualidade da água em praias recreativas
Palavras-chave:
Escherichia coli, Poluição marinha, Gerenciamento costeiro, Poluição fecal, Frequência amostralResumo
Um dos parâmetros mais importantes da qualidade da praia é a qualidade da água. Sua relevância depende de estratégias de amostragem e métodos analíticos sendo bem implantados e os dados resultantes sendo transformados em informações de qualidade para os tomadores de decisão e todas as partes interessadas. A presente revisão examina os métodos laboratoriais, os indicadores utilizados e mais alguns parâmetros relacionados a avaliação de qualidade de águas balneares. O objetivo principal é desenvolver uma visão crítica do processo que possa ajudar a entender seu potencial, melhor planejamento de novos programas e a autocrítica dos existentes, a fim de que os gestores planejem formas de melhorar sua contribuição para a segurança pública e ambiental na zona costeira. O parâmetro mais estudado para avaliar a qualidade das águas é a quantificação de bactérias e os trabalhos apresentam a maioria dos dados primários. Internacionalmente, duas metodologias de bancada predominam (membrana filtrante e substratos). As análises de dados levam em consideração as coletas e muitas delas foram voltadas para o desenvolvimento de técnicas de predição de padrões. Os requisitos necessários para garantir em segurança a utilização das águas balneares passam não só pelos acessos, infraestruturas e segurança, mas principalmente pela qualidade da água.
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